Warning, can be for the right mindset a deep rabbit hole if you get into looking things up on line in addition. The roman and greek use of water are all primitive enough to be done with basic 1890's hand tools out of your great grandfathers shop and would let you move a long ways to that level of civilization. All it takes is running water and a little bamboo and a lot of history to pump your water.. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IiPcCZfmpeU High tech version with wood. And thru out history. Undershot uses run of the river or current. In medieval France often on the side of boats or built into bridges or on structures built into rapids. Isle-Sorgue Water Wheels visit, photos, travel info and hotels, by Provence Beyond Watermill - Wikipedia You don't need the Three Gorges dam to pump a little water. And the Amish still use wires to transfer water power to a pump based a distance away and in olden times wires in tension were used to transfer power to pump oil from a central steam engine to a group of wells ect. https://beta.the-eye.eu/public/Book...Water_Wheels_Wire_Power-Transmission_2001.pdf The Mechanical Transmission of Power (2): Jerker Line Systems | LOW←TECH MAGAZINE Using a device named a pendulum multiplier you can change the "throw" of the wire for a greater or lesser movement of the wire and compensate for lower water flows without changing your pump or waterwheel. Yes it will transfer water power up a hill. the weight of the wire is taken care of in the counter balance on the pump and except for inertia has little effect on the power transmitted once balanced. That is why the old pump jacks had long arm and a counter weight. It meant that pump only lifted the oil, not the weight of the rod going down to the pump or the weight of the oil in the pipe. Simple but you can pump a lot more fluid with a lot less power. We have all ready seen how we can transfer power from a waterwheel, convert it to a back and forth motion and control its direction. Thus with a little thought you could make a low flow water movement pump your water from a deep well as well as the old oriental on watering your garden next to the river. Little real head, height of dam or distance above wheel, needed. The mind solving the problem is the limit.
