Land Navigation (with sub-categories)

that is why shooting a back azimuth is critical before you even step off the trail

 

Another issue is poll shift which can be sudden, and I know mountains so dense with iron you can't effectively use compass
Don't depend on the GPS, if there's an EMP or CME those satellites will be toast. Paper maps will still be golden. and if you've got spares that's good barter.
I've had people try to draw maps for me, but most can't trace their hand on a piece of paper.
pencil and paper will be highly valued in the future.
I've been so poor I had a stub of pencil to write with, and scraps of paper to write on. Now days I have boxes of pencils and reems of paper. If you don't learn from your poverty, learn from some one else's. Many homeless did not learn from the poverty of others before they became homeless.

 

Nothing beats knowing your AO intimately. I know people who couldn't find their way on foot if a line was drawn on the ground. Mostly because they travel the same routes and never learn a new one. Mine is a "bug-in" point of view, but if I did have to go to my alternate location I could do it walking (for 3 days) while avoiding main roads.
There used to be a book out there called "The Green Berets Compass Course" that had the best method I ever used for land nav with a compass, although it required pencil and paper. I literally followed that plan one day, made a map on the ground with sticks representing my trip, and shot the azimuth back to the truck even shooting off just a bit so I knew the truck would be on my right when I hit the road. I came out of the woods about 75' from the truck, parked to my right. I keep a lensatic compass, little notepad with 2 half pencils, and a set of Ranger Beads in each vehicle and one in my go pack, for a total of four. The kit fits in a pocket (I keep each in a Crown Royal bag).